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Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758) represent a vast order of holometabolous insects to which more than 165,000 species belong, known as butterflies and moths. The name refers to the small oval scales that cover the wings of these insects, arranged one on top of the other, like the roof tiles, but which to the natural eye seem a simple dust; comes from the ancient Greek λεπις (lepis): scale, scale and πτερόν (pteron): wing.

The body of the Lepidoptera, like that of all insects, is divided into the head, thorax and abdomen. The wings and legs are appendages of the thorax. The head is small and rounded and is occupied by a pair of compound eyes, so called because each of them it is made up of hundreds sometimes thousands of small lenses (each unit is called ommatidium).

The distinction between butterflies and moths does not respond to a taxonomic scientific classification but derives from common usage.
On the basis of this "popular" distinction, some authors of the past have proposed a distinction between Ropaloceri or "Rhopalocera" (butterflies) and Eteroceri or "Heterocera" (moths) which, however, is not scientifically accepted. The distinction is based on the shape of the antennas. In the ropaloceri the antennae are clavate, that is, they end with a swelling. In heterocera the antennae can have different shapes: bipettinate, filiform, rod-like, etc ..

The order of the Lepidoptera is made up of about 127 families and is second, in the class of Insects, only to the order of the Beetles.